syriaca shoots whose foliage is tender and soft. Plants that are mowed or cut back in June – August regrow rapidly from their rhizomes in time for peak monarch egg-laying, when reproducing female monarchs have a preference for quickly-growing A. In the northeastern United States, monarch reproduction peaks in late summer when most of the plant's leaves are old and tough. Efforts to restore falling monarch butterfly populations by establishing butterfly gardens and monarch migratory "waystations" require particular attention to the target species' food preferences and population cycles, as well to the conditions needed to propagate and maintain their food plants. Monarch Watch provides information on rearing monarchs and their host plants. It is ideal in semi-dry places where it can spread without presenting problems for other ornamental species. The plant is winter hardy in USDA zones 3–9 it has a preference for moist but well drained soils, but is tolerant of dry conditions and clay soils. It spreads aggressively from rhizomes and may not be suited to small gardens and formalized plantings. This means that import of the species and trade in the species is forbidden in the whole of the European Union. The species features since 2017 on the list of Invasive Alien Species of Union Concern. For example, milkweed yellows is an infectious disease caused by the milkweed yellows phytoplasma, a strain of bacteria distinguished by the absence of a cell wall. Over 40 distinct pathogens of Asclepias species have been identified, including two dozen pathogens for A. syriaca. Milkweed has even become invasive as it is naturalized in several areas outside of its original native range, including Oregon and some parts of Europe. Despite this, deforestation due to human settlement may have expanded the range and density of common milkweed in some regions. Many parts of the United States face a reduction in milkweed population due to factors such as increased habitat loss due to development, roadside median mowing, and herbicide use. In 2018 the CEO of the National Wildlife Federation stated that the population of the monarch butterfly is now down 90 percent in the last 20 years and cited the reduction in milkweed as a contributing factor. Subsequently, this has played a significant part in the population decline of the monarch butterfly. The development and widely adopted cultivation of herbicide-resistant staple crops such as corn and soybeans have led to a massive reduction in weeds and native plants such as milkweeds. Monarch butterfly larvae consume only milkweeds, and monarch populations may decline when milkweeds are eliminated with herbicides. are more likely to visit unrelated individuals. in the fertilization of flowers because Bombus spp. syriaca has a high level of self-incompatibility, it is less effective than ' Bombus spp. mellifera was found to be the most "effective" pollinator, but this occurs more often among flowers of the same plant since A. mid-Atlantic region, the introduced species A. syriaca flowers, and some kinds pollinate them, including Apis mellifera, the Western honey bee, and native Bombus spp. syriaca, including flies, beetles, ants, bees, wasps, and butterflies it is an important food source for monarch butterfly caterpillars ( Danaus plexippus) other species that feed on the plant include red milkweed beetle ( Tetraopes tetraophthalmus), the milkweed tussock caterpillar ( Euchaetes egle) and Oncopeltus fasciatus and Lygaeus kalmii. In three study plots, outcrossed flowers had an average of about 11% fruit set.
Fruit production from self-fertilization is rare. The seeds, each with long, white flossy hairs, occur in large follicles. Individual flowers are about 1 cm (0.4 in) in diameter, each with five horn-like hoods and five pollinia. The highly fragrant, nectariferous flowers vary from white (rarely) through pinkish and purplish and occur in umbellate cymes. They have very short petioles and velvety undersides. They grow to 10–28 cm (4–11 in) long and 4–12 cm ( 1 + 1⁄ 2– 4 + 3⁄ 4 in) broad, usually with entire, undulate margins and reddish main veins. The simple leaves are opposite, sometimes whorled broadly ovate- lanceolate. All parts of common milkweed plants produce a white latex when cut. syriaca is a clonal perennial forb growing up to 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) tall. It grows in sandy soils as well as other kinds of soils in sunny areas.Ī. It is in the genus Asclepias, the milkweeds. It is native to southern Canada and much of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, excluding the drier parts of the prairies.
Asclepias syriaca, commonly called common milkweed, butterfly flower, silkweed, silky swallow-wort, and Virginia silkweed, is a species of flowering plant.
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